Abstract The current opioid crisis urgently calls for developing non-addictive pain medications. Progress has been slow. highlighting the need to uncover targets with unique mechanisms of action. Extracellular adenosine alleviates pain by activating the adenosine A1 receptor (A1R). https://www.roneverhart.com/Borla-Exhaust-Tips-Black-Chrysler-300-23-24-Dodge-Charger-15-23-6-4L-392/